alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication (possible excitation, hallucinations). The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the action expressed painkiller, sedative, hypnotic effect, in the area of spinal Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) and peripheral effects of anesthesia and has a negative inotropic effect of antiarrhythmic action relaxes muscles of the bronchi. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the anesthesia agent. pancreatitis, and in the postoperative period for prevention of traumatic shock in pathological states accompanied by pain, which can not be bought nonnarcotic analgesics, except in cases where there are contraindications. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N01AB06 - facilities for general anesthesia. Dosing and Administration of drugs: dose selection should whitewashed made individually in the application of the combination of Ketamine dose should be reduced; / v input - the initial dose of 0,7-2 mg / kg, which provides surgical anesthesia for approximately 5-10 minutes 30 seconds after administration (for patients with high risk or elderly patients who are in a state of shock, the recommended dose of 0.5 mg / kg body weight) in / m typing - the initial dose of 8.4 mg / kg body weight, which provides surgical anesthesia for 12-25 minutes in a few minutes after entering c / Orthopedic Surgery Ketamine drip 500 mg + 500 ml isotonic Mr sodium chloride or glucose, the initial dose 80-100 krap. / min maintenance dose 20-60 Crapo. Contraindications to the use of drugs: severe disorders of the nervous system, XP. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: nausea, vomiting of emotional arousal. Indications for whitewashed drugs: as monotherapy for short diagnostic or therapeutic interventions in children and in some special cases in adults, for anesthesia induction and its maintenance in combination with other whitewashed especially benzodiazepines, the drug is administered in reduced dosage, Gallbladder readings ( alone or in combination with other drugs): painful procedures (eg dressing change in a patient with burns); neyrodiahnostychni procedures (eg pnevmoentsefalohrafiya, ventriculography, myelography), endoscopy, some procedures of the organ; surgery in the neck and mouth; otolaryngologic intervention gynecological ekstraperytonealni intervention, interference in obstetrics, anesthesia induction for cesarean Focal Nodular Hyperplasia operation, interference in orthopedics and traumatology, because of the nature of Ketamine on the heart and circulation: of anesthesia in patients in shock, with hypotension; anesthesia for patients who preferred whitewashed / m of a drug (eg, children). / min (2-6 mg / kg / hr) per adult dose - 2.6 mg / kg / h, if necessary, half the initial dose or whitewashed dose can retype the / m or i / v; appearance of nystagmus, motor response to stimulation indicate a lack of anesthesia, so in this case may appear a need for repeated doses, however, involuntary movements of extremities may occur regardless of the depth of anesthesia whitewashed . It is kardiodepresiyu: reduces stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: rapidly whitewashed level of anesthesia is fast input and output of anesthesia, muscle relaxation occurs, sufficient for some intracavitary operations. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: respiratory depression, hypotension, arrhythmia, in the postoperative period - shivering, nausea, vomiting, ileus, a temporary increase in white blood cell count, even in the absence of surgical stress, strengthening of all muscle, with most of this effect is nedepolarizing on muscle, increasing the concentration of liver enzymes and, in rare cases - fatal liver necrosis, a temporary increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure, whitewashed completely eliminated by hyperventilation, with increasing depth of anesthesia, the severity of hypotension and respiratory depression increased, in patients who performed curettage of the uterus - increased blood loss compared with the use of halothane. Dosing and Administration of drugs: to ensure accurate control of concentration should be used evaporators, specifically calibrated for isoflurane, with age whitewashed alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane reduced, 25-year-old men MAC isoflurane in oxygen at an average of 1,28% in 40 years - 1,15% and in 60 years - 1,05%, in newborns MAC isoflurane in oxygen equal to 1.6% Lower Extremity children 1 to 6 months - 1.87% and from 6 to 12 months - 1.80% drugs for premedication should select for each patient individually, taking into account the capacity of isoflurane to inhibit breathing; matter of choice is the use of anticholinergic drugs; before inhalation izofluranovoyi often injected a mixture of barbiturates or other short-to and in preparation for entering in anesthesia, instead, can use a mixture whitewashed isoflurane with oxygen or with oxygen and nitrous oxide; introduction of anesthesia using isoflurane is recommended to start with a concentration of 0.5% for surgical level of anesthesia within 7 - 10 min mostly sufficient concentration of 1 5% to 3.0% level of surgical anesthesia can be sustained with 1,0 - 2,5% isoflurane in a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide, is introduced only if Isoflurane with oxygen, you may need to increase the concentration of 0,5 - 1, here if necessary, additional muscle relaxation can be used muscle relaxants in small doses, in the absence of additional complicating factors level of BP during anesthesia support is inversely proportional to alveolar concentration of isoflurane, with deep anesthesia may be a significant reduction in whitewashed pressure, and in this case for it should increase slightly to reduce the concentration of isoflurane by inhalation of, to support the level of surgical anesthesia in children often require higher concentrations of isoflurane, in the elderly - requires less concentration of In vitro fertilization support sedative effect can be used 0,1 - 1,0% isoflurane in mixture of air with oxygen, the exact dose in such cases should pick up individually depending on the patient's needs. Method of production of drugs: gas. Indications for use drugs: to enter in anesthesia and its maintenance, as sedative tool for patients with mechanical ventilation while here the sedative effect to 48 hours. Contraindications to the use of drugs: pulmonary tuberculosis, G respiratory diseases, hypertension, SS disease with marked increase in AT and decompensation of cardiac activity, increased intracranial pressure, severe kidney disease and liver, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, total exhaustion Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin acidosis; contraindicated if during the Seriously Ill will be used electrocoagulation, children and pregnant women.
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